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梵格利亞葡萄酒莊：葡萄酒王國中的神話 變廢為寶 垃圾在俄羅斯人手中重煥生機

印古什雖局勢不穩，國內浪漫氣息依然濃厚

來源： 《透視俄羅斯》
Ingushetia Republic (also spelled Ingushetiya) is situated in the northern part of Big Caucasus range, part of North Caucasian Federal District. Its administrative center and capital is Magas city.
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Ricardo Marquina

印古什共和國位於大高加索山脈北部，屬北高加索聯邦區管轄。馬加斯為其首都和行政中心。
Ingushetia has borders with Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Chechen Republic and Georgia.

Ricardo Marquina

印古什共和國與北奧塞梯 - 阿蘭共和國，車臣共和國和格魯吉亞接壤。
The highest point is Gora Shan (4451 m).

Ricardo Marquina

境內海拔最高點是：戈拉山（4451米）。
A 150 km stretch of the Caucasus Mountains runs through the territory of the republic. The major rivers are: Terek River, Assa River, Sunzha River.

Ricardo Marquina

綿延150公里的高加索山脈貫穿共和國境內。主要河流有：捷列克河，阿薩河和松紮河。
There are oil and natural gas fields, supplies of limestones, clay, mineral waters in the region. Forests are also national wealth of Ingushetia.

Ricardo Marquina

該地盛產石油和天然氣，石灰巖，粘土和礦物質水。印古什共和國同時擁有豐富的森林資源。
Ingushetia boasts natural attractions and ancient monuments, fabulous landscapes and mineral springs.

Ricardo Marquina

印古什擁有迷人的景觀，古老的遺跡，秀麗的風景和甘甜的礦泉。
There are about 1500 monuments of history and culture, among which 100 are tower-like settlements.

Ricardo Marquina

國內有約1500座歷史和文化古跡，其中有100座塔型定居點。
The most ancient of them are two (or more) storied towers used for living or military purposes.

Ricardo Marquina

其中最古老的是兩層（或多層）塔，曾用於居住或軍事目的。
In terms of civil organization, clans continue to exist. They are still strictly exogamous, and they determine social relationship and social behavior.

Ricardo Marquina

部族仍以民間組織的形式存在。他們依舊嚴禁異族通婚，成員需遵守部族社會的人際關系，恪守其行為準則。
An individual respects all members of a clan. For instance, a man shows to all female members of his mother's clan the same deference and formality that he would show to his mother's older sister.

Ricardo Marquina

個人要尊重部族的所有成員。例如，男子不但要對其母親的姐姐表示出應有的尊重和禮貌，對其母親所屬部族的每一位女性都要如此。
Even urban residents generally know and pass on to their children a good deal of information about their clan's and family's provenience. That is why lots of temples and barrows (necropolises) were constructed.

Ricardo Marquina

即使是城鎮居民也大都了解這一習俗，並會將有關家族和部族起源的歷史信息傳承給自己的子孫。這也是人們大興土木建造寺廟和墓群的原因。
Traditionally, an Ingush or Chechen man is expected to know the names and birthplaces or origins of his paternal ancestors through seven generations.

Ricardo Marquina

按照傳統，印古什人或車臣人應該能記住七代父系祖先的名字、出生地或是祖籍。
Since antiquity the Caucasus has been famed for the sheer number of languages and for the exotic grammatical structures.

Ricardo Marquina

自古以來，高加索地區就以語言種類之多和語法結構之奇特而聞名。
Destruction of lowlands economic centers by Mongol incursions probably created a power vacuum which left the languages of the countryside and uplands - Ingush and Chechen - in a stronger sociolinguistic position.

Ricardo Marquina

蒙古人的入侵摧毀了低窪地區的經濟中心，造成了權力真空，使得鄉村和高原地區的語言，即印古什語和車臣語，成為了該區的社交語言。
In the 17th century, the present Ingush lowlands were entirely Ingush-speaking and the highlands were impoverished. This period of economic hardship coincided with the Russian conquest of the Caucasus which lasted from the late 1500's to the mid-1800's.

Ricardo Marquina

在17世紀，現在的印古什低地全都是講印古什語的人，而高原地區的人則貧困不堪。這個經濟困難時期，正是俄羅斯征服高加索地區的戰爭時期，這場戰爭從16世紀晚期持續到19世紀中期。
The Russian military depopulated most of the Ingush highlands, deporting the population to the lowlands so as to create a no-man's-land between the Russian fort of Vladikavkaz and the Chechens, who in alliance with Daghestanian mountain peoples were offering organized resistance to conquest. Lowland Chechen were slaughtered, deported, or expelled and replaced with (ethnically Russian) Cossacks.

Ricardo Marquina

俄羅斯的入侵，造成了印古什高地人口驟減，他們將印古什人趕到低地，以便在俄羅斯弗拉季高加索要塞和車臣之間形成一個無人區。車臣人和達吉斯坦山區人民結盟，對俄羅斯征服者進行了有組織的抵抗。低地的車臣人遭到了殘酷的屠殺和驅逐，還有一部分被（俄羅斯少數民族）哥薩克人所取代。
Perhaps because the golden age of Russian literature, which romanticized the Caucasian war, coincided with the conquest of the Chechen, or perhaps because the Chechen were the most numerous lowlands group, or perhaps because of their fierce and prolonged resistance, the Chechen came to epitomize imperial Russian disdain for "Asiatics" and have been vilified and demonized in Russian literature, popular media, and political discourse to the present day.

Ricardo Marquina

或許是因為俄國文學的黃金時代賦予了與車臣戰爭同期的高加索戰爭過多的浪漫主義色彩，或許是因為車臣是低地人口最多的民族，亦或是因為車臣人長期頑強的抵抗，成為遭到鄙視的“亞洲人”抗擊俄羅斯帝國的典範，才導致今天的車臣人在俄羅斯文學、大眾媒體甚至是政治評論中被無情地詆毀乃至妖魔化。
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2012年10月22日
標簽: 北高加索、 旅遊景點、 俄中旅遊

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