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“11月7日”煤礦：俄羅斯最古老煤炭企業 17幅俄羅斯畫家靜物寫生作品

俄羅斯精神疾病患者的生活

來源： 《透視俄羅斯》
Boarding homes are public houses for hundreds of people with mental and physical disabilities, for the ill, the homeless, and the elderly.
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Gordon Welters / Laif

寄宿之家是收留患有精神疾病、身體殘疾、生病、無家可歸人士以及老年人的公共機構，可容納數百人。
Provided with basic necessities, some of the residents stay in their beds all day long.

Gordon Welters / Laif

這里提供基本生活必需品。一些寄宿者只能整天躺在床上。
This boarding house is located in the outskirts of a Saint Petersburg district.

Gordon Welters / Laif

這處寄宿之家位於聖彼得堡郊區。
This one differs in its approach to its residents. The differently-abled are helped using work therapy, which allows many of them to learn a profession and a job. In addition, the boarding houses also features a department for social adaptation.

Gordon Welters / Laif

這里幫助寄宿者的方式很特別，針對不同程度的殘障人士實施不同的“工作療法”，以使他們掌握一些職業技能。此外，寄宿之家還設有社會撫養部。
"Our permanent residents are very sensitive. If one of them dies, it's a tragedy for everybody else," the caregiver shares.

Gordon Welters / Laif

寄宿之家護理員表示，“我們的常住患者非常敏感。如果有一個人死去，對他們所有人來說都是一個打擊。”
"Our patients should always be occupied with something. That leaves less time for foolishness. Sports, walks, nature trips are all an important component of their life. It allows them to expend any pent-up energy and set new goals for themselves. Of course, there are some lazy bones among them just like there are among all other people," says the caregiver.

Gordon Welters / Laif

護理員稱，“這里的病人需要不停地做事情，以減少處於病態的時間。運動、散步及在大自然中遊玩都是他們生活的重要內容。這有助於他們釋放壓抑，並幫助他們樹立新的生活目標。當然，與其他人群一樣，他們中也會有懶惰的人。”
There are several departments at a boarding house: a rehabilitation center where patients can work and study; a department for wheelchair-bound patients and those born with birth defects; a men's ward; and a department for senior citizens and learning-impaired individuals (for example, those with severe mental handicaps).

Gordon Welters / Laif

寄宿之家設有用於患者工作學習的康複中心、殘障人士及先天性疾病患者服務部、病房、老年患者及患有學習障礙癥人士（如嚴重精神障礙者）看護部等數個部門。
"It's hard to understand what [the patients] want at first. But after you've worked here for many years, you know each of them and understand what they're saying," the caregiver tells.

Gordon Welters / Laif

護理員稱，“開始的時候很難理解病人的需求，但在這工作了幾年後，已了解了他們每一個人，並能聽懂他們說的話。”
It's not easy to guess patients' age the first time round. For many here, it's as if they've been "preserved". The same thing happens to their intellect. It stops at a certain level that it won't go any further. For a lot of people, once they reach 30, their minds start to deteriorate.

Gordon Welters / Laif

最初很難判斷病人的年紀。這里的很多人仿佛經過了“防腐處理”。他們的智力發生了同樣的問題，停留在某個階段不再發展。很多人到30歲時智力便開始衰退。
"They understand that they're living in a boarding house, not their own home. Some of them understand that they're different. Maybe it's easier for the ones who don't comprehend this," the caregiver opines.

Gordon Welters / Laif

護理員說，“他們明白自己住在寄宿之家，而不是在自己家里。有些人知道自己與別人不同。而對那些不了解這一點的人來說，也許會生活得更容易些。”
One caregiver tells how some patients make declarations that it's better out in the free world. But those who have a clearer idea of things answer back, “Do you know how to live out there? Try paying for everything yourself and we’ll see.” They ask the caregiver how much utilities cost and are horrified by the amount. They understand that living here is easier.

Gordon Welters / Laif

一位護理員說，有的患者宣稱外面自由世界的生活更好。但那些意識清醒的患者會回複道，“你知道如何在外面生活嗎？你自己試試負擔所有東西，讓我們看看。”當他們詢問護理員水電煤氣等費用時，被價格嚇到了。他們明白生活在這里要容易得多。
There are also occasions when patients fully adjusted to live on their own leave the boarding house. Some manage to live on their own, others return.

Gordon Welters / Laif

有時候，病人完全康複後會離開寄宿之家，重新自己生活。有的人有能力獨立生活，有的人還會回到這里。
“They receive a pension for disabilities, save money, and then head off to the shops with the caregivers. Some people buy gadgets, others buy clothes. They can get some clothes at the boarding house for free, but its quality is not high,” explains the caregiver.

Gordon Welters / Laif

護理員解釋說，“患者會收到殘疾人救濟金，並把錢存起來，然後在護理人員的陪同下去商店。有的人買些小工具，有的人買衣服。他們可以在寄宿之家免費獲得一些衣物，但質量都不太好。”
Visitors to the boarding house leave it with mixed emotions. On the one hand, these people are sick, on the other many of them are very friendly, kind-hearted and completely capable of leading a normal life.

Gordon Welters / Laif

參觀者懷著複雜的心情離開了寄宿之家。一方面，這里的人們飽受病痛；另一方面，他們中很多人友好而善良，完全有能力過正常的生活。
People with handicaps are vulnerable in every country, but in the West they're usually treated more carefully than in Russia. Here, they’re mostly outcasts. And there is a lack of buzz around their problems in the media.

Gordon Welters / Laif

殘障人士在每個國家都是易受傷害人群，但在西方國家他們普遍會得到比在俄羅斯更細致的照顧。在這里他們大多被遺棄，而媒體對這一人群的困境很少給予關註。
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2014年7月30日
標簽: 醫療、 疾病、 俄羅斯生活

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