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普京的12個放松和享受生活的理由 莫斯科10大創紀錄的地鐵站

40萬件展品構成的俄羅斯國家藝術史

來源： 《透視俄羅斯》
The Russian Museum holds the largest collection of Russian art in the world. It includes 400,000 exhibits of painting, sculpture, and decorative arts, housed in four palaces in St. Petersburg (Mikhailovsky, Mramorny, Stroganovsky, Inzhenerny Castle), and the Summer Garden.
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俄羅斯博物館是全世界規模最大的俄羅斯藝術品展出場所。展品多達40萬件，包括繪畫、雕塑、裝飾藝術等。這些珍品收藏於聖彼得堡4座宮殿（米哈伊洛夫斯基宮、大理石宮、斯特羅加諾夫宮和工程師宮），以及夏日花園。
On display are such world-famous pictures as Briullov's "The Last Days of Pompeii," Repin's "Barge Haulers on the Volga," Vasnetsov's "Knight at a Crossroads." And next to them hang famous works by Serov and Bakst, Malevich and Petrov-Vodkin. The museum's collection is a kind of encyclopedia of every era in the development of Russian art: all the genres, trends, and schools from the 10th century to the present day.

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展覽中還展出很多世界名畫，如布留洛夫的《龐貝城的末日》、列賓的《伏爾加河上的纖夫》、瓦斯涅佐夫的《十字路口的勇士》等。此外，還有著名的謝羅夫和巴克斯特，馬列維奇和彼得羅夫-沃德金的作品。博物館的藏品成為一部俄羅斯藝術發展年鑒：從10世紀以來的所有流派、發展趨勢以及學派，無不包含其中。
Although it took much longer for a museum of national art to appear in St Petersburg than in Moscow, it immediately acquired national status and a permanent home inside one of the city's grand palaces.

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盡管與莫斯科相比，聖彼得堡花了很長時間才成立國家藝術博物館，但即刻便獲得國家級博物館地位，藏品在城市中的各大宏偉宮殿中永久珍藏。
As conceived originally by Tsar Alexander III, it was intended to embody the Russian idea visually. In the words of the "progressive community," its purpose was to signify Russian art's exceptional contribution to world culture.

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最初的成立設想由沙皇亞歷山大三世提出，旨在為從視覺角度體現俄羅斯思想。在“進步的社會”里，其目的為彰顯俄羅斯藝術對世界文化所做的特殊貢獻。
According to the initial plan, the exposition was to consist of three parts: one dedicated to the life of the reigning emperor, another to ethnography and craft, and the last to actual fine art. However, the first soon lost relevance, the second was assigned a separate museum, while the Russian Museum of Tsar Alexander III began to supplement its collection not only with paintings and sculptures, but also architectural masterpieces from different eras.

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根據最初計劃，本屆展覽由三部分組成：統治者的一生、人種學和工藝，以及工藝美術品。然而，第一部分很快失去意義，第二部分被安排在獨立博物館展出，而沙皇亞歷山大三世俄羅斯博物館開始補充收集藏品，不僅有繪畫和雕塑，還有不同時代的建築傑作。
To begin with in 1895, the exposition was formed of works from the Hermitage's pre-existing collection, as well as the art collections donated to the museum by Princess Tenisheva and Prince Lobanov-Rostovsky, two renowned collectors of Russian art.

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自1895年開始，展品中開始出現冬宮的收藏，以及捷尼舍娃公主（Tenisheva）和洛巴諾夫-羅斯托夫斯基王子（Lobanov-Rostovsky）向博物館捐贈的藝術收藏。他們兩人是著名的俄羅斯藝術品收藏家。
In 1917, the museum was not spared the fate of St Petersburg's streets, palaces, and other municipal objects: all mention of the tsar was removed as the name was reduced to just two words: "Russian Museum." Oddly enough, the nationwide upheaval only helped replenish the collection.

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1917年，所有建築和場所上的沙皇名字都被去除，縮減為僅兩個字的名字——“俄羅斯博物館”（Russian Museum）。聖彼得堡的博物館與街道、宮殿以及其它市政建築無一能幸免。奇怪的是，這場波及全國的巨變僅僅有益於收集藏品。
Two years after the October Revolution, the museum opened the Benoit Wing, named in honor of director and architect Leonti Pavlovich Benoit. Conceived in 1910-1912 years as a pavilion for temporary exhibitions and exhibitions, in 1932 the wing was turned into the Russian Museum's modern art section.

發生十月革命的兩年後，博物館開設“伯努瓦”館，這是一座以建築師和董事利昂蒂·帕夫洛維奇·伯努瓦（Leonti Pavlovich Benoit）的榮譽命名的展館。1910年1912年期間，其曾被設想作為臨時展館用，1932年該館成為俄羅斯博物館現代藝術展區。
The Leningrad Blockade, which threatened to choke the entire city, did not pass the Russian Museum by. But thanks to the efforts of a handful of employees, the collection remained almost entirely intact. The most valuable part of the collection was evacuated to Perm. The part of the collection that remained behind was concealed in the museum’s basements and warehouses, while the sculptural series "Anna Ioannovna with a Black Boy" was buried in the yard.

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列寧格勒被封鎖的威脅遍及整座城市，其中也包括俄羅斯博物館。然而，由於幾位工作人員的努力，藏品幾乎完好無損。最有價值的一部分藏品被轉移至彼爾姆，其余部分被藏在博物館地下室和倉庫中，而雕塑品“安娜·伊萬洛夫娜和黑人男孩”（Anna Ioannovna with a Black Boy）則被埋在院子里。
Every building of the State Russian Museum is a living relic. The Baroque-style Stroganov Palace displays reconstructed interiors from Russia's Elizabethan era. The austere Mramorny (Marble) Palace, built in the reign of Catherine II, holds modern art exhibitions.

俄羅斯國立博物館的每一座建築都是活著的遺跡。巴洛克風格的斯特羅加諾夫宮以伊麗莎白時代的重構內飾而著名。樸素莊嚴的大理石宮（Mramorny (Marble) Palace）建於葉卡捷琳娜而二世統治時期，現在用於舉辦現代藝術展。
Inzhenerny (Engineer's) Castle — a fortress protected by a moat and the Moika and Fontanka rivers — is mainly devoted to the era of Tsar Paul I and renowned for its lecture hall. The unique Summer Garden, which reopened after renovation in spring 2012, is further proof that nature framed by talented architects and sculptors can be as fine a municipal monument as cold marble and granite.

工程師宮（Inzhenerny (Engineer's) Castle）是一座被護城河以及莫尼卡和豐坦卡河保衛的城堡，在沙皇保羅一世時代因用作報告廳而著名。獨特的夏日花園經過重修後於2012年對外開放，進一步證明了由有才華的建築師和雕塑家構建的自然景觀既可以美麗的非同凡響，也可以像大理石和花崗巖一樣硬朗。
During its more than century-long history, the museum has become a vast complex, unrivalled anywhere in Russia. It is at once an art collection, a famous restoration center, and a research institute.

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在超過百年的悠久歷史中，博物館已經成為俄羅斯國內任何地方都無可比擬的龐大的藝術綜合體。這里不僅僅有藝術收藏，同時還是著名的修複中心以及研究所。
The museum's library archive contains approximately 170,000 printed items. Every year, various collections tour the world's museums, and in turn the Russian Museum opens its doors to around 50 temporary exhibitions.

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博物館庫存檔案文件約為17萬件印刷品。每年，各種藏品會在世界各大博物館中展出，而俄羅斯博物館還會對外舉行50場臨時展覽。
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2013年6月18日
標簽: 歷史、 聖彼得堡、 博物館、 藝術

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