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俄羅斯米哈伊洛夫斯基劇院首登美國舞臺 俄羅斯美女：“俄羅斯麗人”選美大賽在莫斯科舉行

走近俄北部美景：原生態的洞穴和斑駁的古修道院

來源： 《透視俄羅斯》
Continuing our study of Russia’s north, we’ll head to the Pinezhsky Nature reserve, located 200 km from Arkhangelsk. The Pinezhsky Nature reserve was formed in order to preserve and study typical elements of the northern taiga in their natural state.
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Dmitry Shlyopkin

我們將前往距離阿爾漢格爾斯克市200公里遠的皮涅茲自然保護區，並繼續我們對俄羅斯北部的研究。皮涅茲自然保護區為保護和研究北部針葉林的原生態特征而設立。
Fairy-tale landscapes, clean air, clear blue water, and mysterious caves. This piece of paradise (covering a total area of 51,890 hectares) was opened in 1974.

Dmitry Shlyopkin

皮涅茲自然保護區有著童話般的風景、清新的空氣、清澈碧藍的流水和神秘的洞穴。這片大自然的樂園（占地5.189萬公頃）於1974年開放。
A thorough study of the district that includes the nature reserve began in the mid-1960s. Out of the 476 caves discovered in the Arkhangelsk region, a fourth of them are located within the Pinezhsky Nature Reserve.

Dmitry Shlyopkin

針對該自然保護區及其所在地區的細致研究始於上世紀60年代中期。在阿爾漢格爾斯克州共發現476個洞穴，其中四分之一都位於皮涅茲自然保護區內。
The total distance of the caves reaches 43.5 km. New caves significant for both their length and information they divulge are found every year.

Dmitry Shlyopkin

這些洞穴的總長達43.5公里。這里每年都能新發現一些洞道長度不同尋常、地質信息量較大的洞穴。
The Golubinsky Proval Cave, located on the right bank of the Pinega River is 16.5 km downrigger from the village of Pinega. The cave’s total length is 1622 meters, while it covers an area of 5267 square meters, has a volume of 8255 cubic meters, and an amplitude of 17 meters.

Dmitry Shlyopkin

戈盧賓地凹洞穴（Golubinsky Proval）位於皮涅加河右岸，在皮涅加村下遊的約16.5公里處。該洞穴總長為1622米，占地面積為5267平方米，體積約為8255立方米，最寬處可達17米。
Golubinsky Proval is currently the best-known and most-visited cave in the Arkhangelsk region. Despite its proximity to the river and road, the cave was not well-known until the mid-20th centuries even among locals. It wasn’t mentioned in literature either.

Dmitry Shlyopkin

戈盧賓地凹洞穴目前是阿爾漢格爾斯克州最著名、參觀人數最多的洞穴。盡管該洞穴靠近河流和道路，但直到20世紀中期都不為人所知，甚至當地人都對它知之甚少。此外，尚未在任何文獻中找到有關它的記載。
The caves’ microclimate is unique in that it features a low air temperature, high humidity, and slow-moving air currents.

Dmitry Shlyopkin

洞穴內部的氣候非常獨特，其特點是氣溫低、濕度高、空氣流動緩慢。
Ice formations and hydro-mechanical deposits are typical for Golubinsky Proval. The ice formed in very cold part of the cave’s entrance. New ice crystals, frost, and ice sinters form year-round.

Dmitry Shlyopkin

冰掛和地下水機械沈澱的堆積物是戈盧賓地凹洞穴的兩大典型特點。冰在洞穴入口處非常冷的地方凍結，全年都有新形成的冰晶、霜和冰淩泉華。
Many of the tourists who come to see Golubinsky Proval stay at the Krasnaya Gorka tourist base. It’s located on the ruins of the Krasnogorsky Monastery on top of a tall hill (more than 200 m above Pinega).

Dmitry Shlyopkin

許多前來遊覽戈盧賓地凹洞穴的遊客都會住宿在紅山旅遊基地。該旅遊基地坐落在一座高山頂部（比皮涅加山高出200多米）的紅山修道院的遺址上。
This is the oldest of three monasteries in the Pinezhsky district of the Arkhangelsk region. A monk by the name of Makary founded it back in 1605. Before the 17th century, this place was known as Chyornaya Gora, or Black Mountain.

Dmitry Shlyopkin

這是阿爾漢格爾斯克州皮涅茲地區最古老的三大修道院之一，由修道士馬卡利於1605年建造。在17世紀以前，這里被稱為喬爾納亞山，也就是黑山。
However, in 1629, a shrine appeared at the monastery: the Georgian icon of the Virgin Mary. It was brought to Russia from Georgian lands conquered by Muslims and given to the monastery by the merchant Ivan Lytkin.

Dmitry Shlyopkin

1629年，修道院得到一個聖物：來自格魯吉亞的聖母瑪利亞聖像。商人伊凡·雷特金（Ivan Lytkin）將其從被穆斯林攻克的格魯吉亞帶到俄羅斯，並獻給了修道院。
When the monastery was closed after Communists came to power, the icon was lost. Only fragmented frescoes remain on Krasnogorsky Monastery’s walls.

Dmitry Shlyopkin

在蘇聯共產黨執政後，修道院被關閉，聖像也不知所蹤。只有殘破的壁畫還留在紅山修道院的墻壁上。
During Soviet years, a commune was set up inside the monastery. This was later followed by a young Pioneer Camp, and a mental hospital. Afterwards, it was completely abandoned. The cathedral is now abandoned, although its living quarters are used by the tourist base.

Dmitry Shlyopkin

在蘇聯時代，這座修道院內設立了公社，又先後被用作少年先鋒隊營地和精神病院。最後，這里便完全被人遺棄。大教堂現在也同樣處於廢棄狀態，盡管其居住區則被用作旅遊基地。
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2014年11月24日
標簽: 生態、 旅遊景點、 旅遊、 阿爾漢格爾斯克

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